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Pap Sear/Pap Test
A Pap smear, also called a Pap test, is a procedure to test for cervical cancer in women.
A Pap smear involves collecting cells from your cervix — the lower, narrow end of your uterus that's at the top of your vagina.
Detecting cervical cancer early with a Pap smear gives you a greater chance at a cure. A Pap smear can also detect changes in your cervical cells that suggest cancer may develop in the future. Detecting these abnormal cells early with a Pap smear is your first step in halting the possible development of cervical cancer.
A Pap smear is used to screen for cervical cancer. The Pap smear is usually done in conjunction with a pelvic exam. In women older than age 30, the Pap test may be combined with a test for human papillomavirus (HPV) — a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause cervical cancer in some women.
The diagram below shows Cervical Cell Pathology in Squamous Tissue, the Grades, and the Cell Types, from Normal to Inflammatory, to Precancer, as it progresses on to become Cancer
Cervical Biopsy ("punch"): small tissue samples are taken from the cervix and examined for disease or other problems
Colposcopy is a way to get a close-up look at your cervix. It’s a quick and easy way to find cell changes in your cervix that may turn into cancer.
Cervix viewed through speculum
Endo Cervical Curettage: Endocervical sampling is a collection of cells from the endocervical canal using either an endocervical curette (endocervical curettage; or a cytobrush. Endocervical sampling has the potential to detect high-grade lesions or invasive cancer that are not detected by colposcopy alone. (endocurettage Medscape)
Cervical LEEP Cone Biopsy
LEEP is the treatment of high-grade cervical dysplasia that has traditionally been by cervical conization (also known as cone biopsy) Cervical conization is defined as the excision of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix surrounding the endocervical canal which includes the entire transformation zone. Many methods are available to perform excisional treatment. These include using a scalpel ("cold-knife conization"), laser, or electrosurgery (ie, loop electrosurgical excision procedure [LEEP], also called large loop excision of the transformation zone [LLETZ].